Anthropogenic debris, particularly plastic pollution, has emerged as a significant environmental threat to biodiversity. Given that seabirds interact with artificial debris through ingestion, entanglement, and nest incorporation, it is particularly important to quantify the quantity, origins, and chemical composition of these debris items. In this work, it was evaluated for the first time the occurrence of anthropogenic debris in nests of yellow-legged gull ( Larus michahellis atlantis) ) in biosphere reserves of the Canarias (Spain). A total of 48 abandoned nests were collected from five remote and hardly accessible sampling areas, revealing that 81.3 % contained anthropogenic waste, with plastic accounting for 34.7% of the debris, followed by metal (33.6 %) and paper (19.6 %). On average, 32.8 +/- 40.9 items were found per nest. Regarding the origin, food packagings (47.8 %), personal hygiene products (21.7 %), and textiles (15.8 %) were identified as the predominant sources. Furthermore, the polymer composition of the plastics was characterised by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, being polyester the most abundant (38.2 %), followed by polyethylene (25.6 %) and rayon (10.3 %). The incorporation of anthropogenic debris into nest construction may result from outdoor human activities carried out far from nesting areas.

Anthropogenic mortality is a major cause of global mortality in terrestrial vertebrates. Quantifying its impact on the dynamics of threatened species is essential to improve their conservation. We investigated cause-specific mortality in Canarian houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae), an endangered subspecies endemic to the Canarias. We monitored 51 individuals tagged with solar-powered GSM/GPRS loggers for an average of 3.15 years, and recorded 7 casualties at aerial lines (13.73% of the sample; 5 at power lines, 2 at telephone lines), 1 (1.96%) at a wire fence, 4 road kills (7.84%) and 1 case of predation by cat (1.96%). Cox proportional hazards models showed that anthropogenic and natural annual mortality rates were similar (respectively, 6.20% and 6.36% of the individuals). We estimate that 33-35 houbaras die each year in the Canarias due to anthropogenic causes. Population viability models using these data and juvenile productivity values obtained over seven years predicted the extinction of the species in 50 years. Eliminating anthropogenic mortality, the population could be recovered, but would still require management actions to improve habitat quality. Conservation measures to reduce anthropogenic mortality due to power line fatalities, roadkills and predation by cats, as well as to increase productivity, are urgently needed, particularly on Fuerteventura, where houbaras are on the brink of extinction.

Programa de Doctorado en Estudios Lingüísticos y Literarios en sus Contextos Socioculturales por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria The present thesis aims to carry out a hermeneutic analysis of Antigone, the tragedy written by Sophocles in 442 BC, and four of its contemporary rewritings: Antigone by the French playwright Jean Anouilh (1942-1944), La tumba de Antígona by the exiled philosopher-poet María Zambrano (1967), Antígona González by the Mexican writer Sara Uribe (2012) and the Colombian play Antígonas Tribunal de Mujeres by Tramaluna Teatro and Carlos Satizábal (2014). The main objective is to produce an exegesis that addresses the ethical possibilities of the dimension acquired by the tragic, and its conflict in the plays. The methodology of this research is developed through an interdisciplinary dialogue that relates literary creation with three theoretical frameworks that are inscribed in different areas of cultural studies and have in common the establishment of a critical distance about the theoretical current that was inaugurated with the Socratic school and integrated into the great paradigms of modern Western thought. In its origins, this was articulated around a dichotomous and hierarchical taxonomy where man, masculinity, heterosexuality, upper class, and adulthood, linked to attributes such as rationality, autonomy, independence, coherence, or emotional containment, became the privileged and normative categories as opposed to other ways of being, knowing and relating. The approach to these critical approaches and their conceptual universe will serve as a support to approach this analytical task and establish parallels between the texts and their aesthetic, historical, and cultural contexts of production. We refer to: (a) the hermeneutic current that has investigated, updated, and defended the continuity of the genre of tragedy in contemporary times from different areas of knowledge, such as anthropology, philosophy, literary criticism, and sociology; (b) the ethics of care; and (c) poststructuralist and queer feminisms. As will be seen, canonical interpretations of the Sophoclean Antigone and its rewritings tend to define and analyze the tragic conflict in terms of an irreconcilable dichotomous tension: individual/community, private/public, masculine/feminine, or familial/political. This research hypothesizes that this conception is indebted to the aforementioned Socratic system of thought that perpetuates a hierarchical, patriarchal, and essentialist narrative about the tragic event and the human being. From this starting point, the objectives are twofold: to analyze the presence of this perspective in the texts and, on other hand, to carry out a critique of the plays, from the aforementioned theoretical frameworks, which seeks to destabilize and even transcend the dichotomous perspective on the tragic conflict of the Antigones. Ultimately, the aim is to explore whether the hermeneutics employed possess an ethical potential that connects the plays and their tragic nature with the reality in which they have been produced and read and with a present traversed by the presence of multiple forms of violence. Ultimately, this thesis aims to contribute to existing analyses of the classical play and the aforementioned versions through a broad, comparative critical perspective that connects the hermeneutic production of Greek tragedy with contemporary hermeneutics, post-structuralist and queer feminisms, and the ethics of care.

El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado reside en la clasificación de una selección de referentes culturales de la novela Panza de burro (2020) y en el análisis de las técnicas traslativas de la selección de los referentes en su traducción al alemán So forsch, so furchtlos (2022). La obra debut de la autora tinerfeña Andrea Abreu presenta una forma lingüística singular que entremezcla la oralidad y la idiosincrasia de las zonas rurales del norte de Tenerife a comienzos del siglo XXI. La carga cultural, por tanto, es un elemento más que se incorpora a la historia relatada por Abreu aportando una capa de complejidad en la tarea traslativa. Por ello, en la parte práctica, se analizarán veinticuatro fragmentos de la traducción alemana junto con el título para comprobar la tipología de esos referentes culturales y las estrategias de traducción planteadas por cada culturema propio del dialecto canario. En el marco teórico se abordarán nociones esenciales de la traductología desde el enfoque funcionalista como el realia o culturema, con el fin último de analizar metodológicamente las acciones traslativas de la traductora Christiane Quandt en alemán y, así, comprender la recepción de la novela en los países germanoparlantes, ya que no ha tenido la misma repercusión que su versión original. The main objective of this Final Degree Project is the classification of a selection of cultural referents in the novel Panza de Burro (2020) and the analysis of the translation techniques of those cultural referents in its German translation So forsch, so furchtlos (2022). The debut novel of the writer, born in Tenerife, Andrea Abreu presents an unusual linguistic form which combines orality and the idiosyncrasy of the rural areas in the north of Tenerife at the beginning of the XXI century. Therefore, the cultural side of the book is another element of the story narrated by Abreu which creates an extra layer of complexity in the translation task. For this reason, twenty-four extracts and the title of the German translation will be analysed to detect the type of each cultural referent and the translation techniques used for each cultureme representing the Canarian culture and linguistic variety. Regarding the theoretical foundations, we will explain basic notions of translation, such as the German functionalism theory or the cultureme or realia, in order to understand the acceptance of the novel in German-speaking countries because it did not have the same repercussions as the original version in Spanish.

Lead ammunition stands out as one of the most pervasive pollutants affecting wildlife. Its impact on bird populations have spurred efforts for the phase-out of leaded gunshot in several countries, although with varying scopes and applications. Ongoing and future policy changes require data to assess the effectiveness of adopted measures, particularly in the current context of biodiversity loss. Here, we assessed the long-term changes in blood lead (Pb) levels of Egyptian vultures from the Canarias, Spain, which have been severely affected by Pb poisoning over the past two decades. During this period, the reduction in hunting pressure and changes in legislation regarding firearms usage for small game hunting likely contributed to a decrease in environmental Pb availability. As anticipated, our results show a reduction in Pb levels, especially after the ban on wild rabbit hunting with shotgun since 2010. This effect was stronger in the preadult fraction of the vulture population. However, we still observed elevated blood Pb levels above the background and clinical thresholds in 5.6% and 1.5% of individuals, respectively. Our results highlight the positive impact of reducing the availability of Pb from ammunition sources on individual health. Nonetheless, the continued use of Pb gunshot remains an important source of poisoning, even lethal, mainly affecting adult individuals. This poses a particular concern for long-lived birds, compounding by potential chronic effects associated with Pb bioaccumulation. Our findings align with recent studies indicating insufficient reductions in Pb levels among European birds of prey, attributed to limited policy changes and their uneven implementation. We anticipated further reductions in Pb levels among Egyptian vultures with expanded restrictions on hunting practices, including a blanket ban on Pb shot usage across all small game species.

«Siempre quise que mi obra no fuese una señal sino un camino; no un gesto sino una presencia», afirmó Martín Chirino hacia el final de su vida, dando cuenta de la coherente fijación de su escultura. Lo indisociable entre su procedencia insular y su universalidad no es sino el aspecto más visible de una obra que busca resolver sin vulnerar los binomios más contrapuestos. Así, sus plasmaciones no distinguen entre levedad y gravedad, viento y hierro, naturaleza y abstracción, minimalismo y voluminosidad, horizontalidad y verticalidad o armonía y tensión.

En este artículo se analizan algunos aspectos mal conocidos del proceso de elaboración de Cinq années de séjour aux îles Canaries, obra de René Verneau, que puso fin a una misión científica comenzada en 1877 en el archipiélago canario. Con el fin de superar diversas dificultades encontradas en París para llevar a buen término su proyecto editorial, en particular para reunir los materiales necesarios para su estudio, el autor puso en marcha una serie de estrategias que lo llevaría a solicitar ayuda a una red de colaboradores, prolongar su misión realizando una nueva estancia en Canarias, e iniciar gestiones para conseguir un puesto consular, tentativas todas ellas que tuvieron más o menos éxito, y que dan testimonio de las aspiraciones científicas y ambiciones sociales del autor.

Museums are inclusive non-profi t institutions that foster diversity and sustainability by engaging communities. In their responsibility as actors for refl ection and critical thinking, museum institu- tions have a great potential for social transformation, both in their location and in the territories around them. In this context, it is necessary to confront the processes of decolonization of museums, in order to return to the people the identity plundered during the colonial era. Sustainability cannot be understood without in- cluding the decolonizing approach, making protagonists of those communities that were once treated as objects.

The theory of translingualism has been well constructed in sociolinguistics, yet it has not been applied fully to the study of literary translation and translator identity. This paper attempts to analyze the English version of Mayra Montero’s Spanish novel In the Palm of Darkness (1997) within the framework of translingualism. Through the analysis of code-meshing and code-switching events, this article focuses on the identity construction of Edith Grossman, the English translator of the novel In the Palm of Darkness. The occurrence of translingualism is attributed to the complex dynamics of ethnic identity. Through co-participating in the construction process of Montero’s identity in different scenarios, namely resistance, transformation, and inclusiveness, translingualism helps to solve problems of translation methods on a micro scale, translator identity on a meso scale, and the approach of native culture ‘going global’ on a macro scale.

This research analyses the role of emotional intelligence in the performance of hotel companies, a sector created by and for the people, where being emotionally competent is essential. The aim of this study is to find out the influence of exhibiting emotional skills on job satisfaction, communication within the company and leadership, and how these factors can foster business success in hotel organizations. To discover the reality of the hospitality context around emotional intelligence, employee satisfaction surveys have been analyzed and 42 interviews with employees of a hotel in Tenerife, Canarias, Spain, were carried out and the employee satisfaction surveys have been analyzed. While results confirmed the relevance of emotional intelligence in the hotel context, the research showed that it requires more recognition.

Environmental conditions and resource availability shape population dynamics through direct and indirect effects of climate, biological interactions and the human modification of landscape. Even when a species seems dependent on predictable anthropogenic food resources or subsidies, ecosystem-level factors can still determine population dynamics across taxa. However, there is still a knowledge gap about the cascade effects driven by climate, vegetation functioning, resource availability and governmental policies on key aspects of species reproduction for top scavengers. Here we put to good use 22 years (2000-2021) of extensive population monitoring from the endemic Canary Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus majorensis) on the Fuerteventura Island (Canarias, Spain) to study the relative importance of demographic factors, ecosystem conditions and availability of anthropogenic food sources on breeding success. Our results suggest that ecosystem-level primary productivity, the number of livestock animals present on the island and Density-dependent processes determine the temporal changes in the breeding success of this species. We firstly accounted for a top-down effect of livestock on island vegetation, where overgrazing directly reduces landscape-level vegetation biomass. We, consequently, found a bottom-up effect between vegetation and the Egyptian vulture's breeding success. In this context, minimal changes in ecological conditions can impact the species inhabiting these ecosystems, with direct consequences on a key population stage, such as breeding season, when energy requirements are higher. These results are especially relevant because cascading and indirect effects of ecosystem processes and governmental policies are often overlooked when pursuing conservation goals of endangered species.

La publicación del libro de Díaz Reyes El lenguaje silbado en la isla de El Hierro (2008) desencadenó todo un conjunto de reacciones en los medios de comunicación por parte de políticos y asociaciones culturales con trascendencia pública, cuestionando la validez del proceso de patrimonialización de la posterior figura de BIC del silbo herreño (incoado en el año 2018). Estos debates suscitaron cruces de acusaciones entre los distintos agentes político–culturales involucrados en la defensa del español silbado en Canarias. Frente a la posibilidad de recuperación de otras modalidades de silbo (herreño y grancanario), surgieron un conjunto de argumentos en defensa de la exclusividad y autenticidad del silbo gomero. Algunas asociaciones herreñas comenzaron a producir nuevas narraciones identitarias para la revitalización y reconocimiento de su silbo tradicional. Nuestro objeto de estudio se centra, a través del silbo articulado, en el análisis de las dinámicas patrimoniales y político–identitarias en unas islas turistizadas.

Research on the consumption of local products is essential to promote sustainability, boost local economies, and preserve cultural identity. Although a positive relationship has been demonstrated between attitude towards local products and consumption determinants, the role of the former as a mediator has not been sufficiently explored. This study examines how the attitude towards local products mediates between consumer ethnocentrism and consumption intention, as well as between place identity and consumption intention. A total of 1325 wine and cheese consumers in the Canarias were surveyed using a moderated mediation model, applying PLS-SEM. The results indicate that attitude towards local products mediates the aforementioned relationships but does not moderate them according to the type of local product. Consequently, marketing strategies should focus on the emotional and cultural connection that consumers establish with local products, highlighting their value in terms of identity and belonging.

This text reflects on identities from an African archipelago in the Atlantic that is part of the Spanish state. The Canarias were the first place colonized by Europeans in their expansion toward America. The text focuses on identity formation throughout the twentieth century. Reference is made to Canarian artists and poets such as Tomás Morales and Alonso Quesada, and more recent artists of international stature such as Manolo Millares, Martín Chirino, and César Manrique. The international context and the destruction of the idea of Europe are reflected from various perspectives. Reference is made to travelers who drew analogies between Canary Islanders and Native Americans, and the notion of “displacement” at every level is addressed. The article also discusses “foreigners” traveling back and forth in the era of advanced technology, globalization, and mass tourism. As Stefan Zweig and Franz Rosenzweig have observed since the 1920s, in the age of border control, anyone can become a “foreigner.” “Europe: Passage and Reflections” was born within the context of the exhibition “Europe, that Exotic Place” (2019–2020) and expands upon the reflection on insularities undertaken in the exhibition “Island Horizons” (2009–2010), which featured artists and writers from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, the Canarias, the Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde, and Réunion. The article also arose from the “Islands, Images, Imaginaries” discussion series held at Duke University in 2011. © The Author(s) 2024.

Esta interpretación astronómica de un grabado rupestre canario como representación simbólica de una lunación requirió previamente la elaboración y evaluación de una gran cantidad cuadros sobre las variadas características meramente fenomenológicas de la Luna hasta llegar finalmente a concretar los rasgos más importantes que en cuanto a forma y trazado muestran paralelismos con las huellas del picado del petroglifo. Esto se debe a que el cambio de forma que periódicamente experimenta la parte iluminada de la Luna en relación con su posición respecto de la misma estrella fija solo se repite cada diecinueve años de manera muy parecida para un día exacto.

Artisanal fishing is a vital activity in the Macaronesia archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and Cabo Verde) within the Northeast Atlantic (15 degrees-39 degrees N). It has historically played a pivotal role in poverty alleviation, employment generation, and the fortification of food security and sovereignty. This sector faces chronic threats from resource overexploitation, poaching, and the rising trend of recreational fishing. Recent decades have witnessed the growth of mass tourism, primarily reliant on processed fish from distant sources, exacerbating the situation alongside the impact of warming seas. Traditional fishing resources and their connection to regional gastronomy form a crucial part of the intangible cultural heritage of these archipelagos. Therefore, promoting local production and fostering education around smarter, healthier, and more sustainable consumption are imperative. Data on traditional fishery resources in Macaronesian gastronomy have been collated from diverse sources, including literature, specialised websites, interviews, and the extensive expertise of the authors. This information has been categorised by environmental resource groups for each archipelago. The biodiversity exploited by Macaronesia's artisanal fleets, integral to classic regional cuisine, encompasses over 220 marine species, with around 330 culinary dishes and seafood preparation methods catalogued. While there exists substantial similarity in the fishery resources utilised in the traditional cuisines of these four archipelagos, the Canaries have historically incorporated additional species from the Northwest African coasts. Meanwhile, Cabo Verde has integrated more tropical elements and has had limited developed in its deep-water fisheries. Macaronesia's gastronomic heritage, rooted in Portuguese and Spanish traditions, reflects a Mediterranean Diet characterised by lifestyle and the utilization of traditional recipes.

Caves, with distinctive features and specialized ecosystems, harbour microorganisms that have adapted metabolically to survive in seemingly harsh conditions with limited essential elements. Despite the potential threat of biodeterioration to subterranean heritage due to microbial proliferation, caves serve as vital reservoirs of bioactive compounds produced by subsurface-adapted microorganisms. These microorganisms form biofilms, producing diverse bioactive compounds with properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer capabilities. We conducted a comprehensive study with different bacterial strains isolated from terrestrial and marine caves (Escoural cave and in different caves on the Lanzarote island and on Selvagem Grande island). Extracts from these strains demonstrated potential in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, showed robust antioxidant effects, and exhibited antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells, moreover some of these extracts (Knoellia sp. CI04-s2.2, Brevibacillus sp. MR02B-s3, Bacillus sp. CK03-s2 and Bacillus sp. SD03-s6) present more than one bioactivity. This study unveiled the potential of cave bacterial strains as valuable sources of bioactive compounds, with implications for the development of novel biocides and pharmaceuticals. Bioprospecting within these unique environments offers a distinct opportunity not only to explore and safeguard these ecosystems but also to promote the development of eco-friendly, safe, and sustainable solutions. © 2024 The Authors

Este artículo aborda la aplicación de métodos audiovisuales para recopilar, preservar y visualizar el patrimonio cultural inmaterial de un barrio periférico, Las Moraditas de Taco (Santa Cruz de Tenerife). Se analiza específicamente la experiencia Telecafecito en Las Moraditas, una propuesta estratégica destinada a fomentar la participación comunitaria y garantizar la recopilación de la memoria oral durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. La experiencia se enmarca en la iniciativa Amoraditas, que emplea estrategias de investigación-acción participativa y aprendizaje-servicio desde el ámbito del diseño con el fin de dignificar y poner en valor la memoria colectiva promoviendo el sentido de pertenencia. A través de una serie de cuestionarios, el estudio revela resultados exitosos de la experiencia, atestiguando su influencia en el compromiso y empoderamiento comunitario, además de en los vínculos intergeneracionales. La evaluación refuerza la capacidad de esta iniciativa de adaptarse a circunstancias difíciles para seguir brindando un valor tangible a la comunidad.

The Canarias (Spain) are an oceanic, subtropical, and active volcanic area located in the African Plate. In the past 500 years, sixteen historical eruptions were documented. The latest eruption formed the Tajogaite monogenetic volcano in La Palma between 19 September and 13 December in 2021. Besides its notable negative impacts on the local communities, the eruption generated an important and diverse volcanic geoheritage with a significant potential for geotourism. The main aim of this work is to select the different and most important volcanic geomorphosites of interest for geotourism development of the Tajogaite volcano and provide a comprehensive catalogue of other volcanic heritage linked to earlier volcanism. The methodology used is based on fieldworks and videos and photos captured from drone surveys during and after the eruption to provide evidence-based data for geoheritage evaluation. The main volcanic geoforms recognized are associated with the formation of volcanic edifices and important lava fields; erosion and accumulation forms have also been identified. As a result, the eruption affected both urban and rural areas and it also generated a significant heritage associated with the effects of tephra and lava accumulation on housing, infrastructure, and crops. Sixteen geomorphosites have been selected and studied. Six sites represent geoheritage of the eruption itself while the remaining ten are related to the surrounding natural and rural pre-eruption landscapes. From these, authorities and companies can generate an on-site and/or virtual geoitineraries. © (2024), (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico). All Rights Reserved.

BackgroundThe eruption of the Tajogaite volcano began on the island of La Palma on September 19, 2021, lasting for 85 days. This study aims to present the design and methodology of the ISVOLCAN (Health Impact on the Population of La Palma due to the Volcanic Eruption) cohort, as well as the preliminary findings from the first 1002 enrolled participants.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted with random selection of adult participants from the general population, with an estimated sample size of 2600 individuals. The results of the first 857 participants are presented, along with a group of 145 voluntary participants who served as interveners during the eruption. Data on epidemiology and volcano exposure were collected, and participants underwent physical examinations, including anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, spirometry, and venous blood extraction for toxicological assessment.ResultsIn the general population (n = 857), descriptive analysis revealed that the participants were mostly middle-aged individuals (50.8 +/- 16.4), with a predominance of females. Before the eruption, the participants resided at a median distance of 6.7 km from the volcano in the Western region and 10.9 km in the Eastern region. Approximately 15.4% of the sample required evacuation, whose 34.8% returning to their homes on average after 3 months. A significant number of participants reported engaging in daily tasks involving cleaning of volcanic ash both indoors and outdoors. The most reported acute symptoms included ocular irritation, insomnia, mood disorders (anxiety-depression), and respiratory symptoms. Multivariate analysis results show that participants in the western region had a higher likelihood of lower respiratory tract symptoms (OR 1.99; 95% CI:1.33-2.99), depression and anxiety (OR 1.95; 95% CI:1.30-2.93), and insomnia (OR 2.03; 95% CI:1.33-3.09), compared to those in the eastern region.ConclusionThe ongoing follow-up of the ISVOLCAN cohort will provide valuable insights into the short, medium, and long-term health impact related to the material emitted during the Tajogaite eruption, based on the level of exposure suffered by the affected population.

La presente tesis doctoral se compone de un estudio integral del arte rupestre de la isla de Gran Canaria, cuyo objetivo principal ha sido la creación de un marco cronológico de la arqueología insular a través de las representaciones gráficas de las poblaciones indígenas y las sociedades de la Edad Moderna.

The pandemic (COVID-19) had diverse effects on marine pollution. Throughout the lockdown periods, temporary enhancements in water quality and biodiversity were observed due to reduced human activity and constraints on travel and maritime transportation. The marine snail, Phorcus sauciatus, , served as an indicator for marine pollution, and samples were collected in Tenerife, Canarias, during various months in 2020. The findings indicated that metal concentrations in Phorcus sauciatus were higher in February but declined in July and December as a result of reduced tourist activity during the pandemic. This underscores the significance of promoting sustainable tourism in the Canarias to mitigate high metal concentrations in the marine environment. The COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on reducing metal concentrations in marine pollution, underscoring the importance of adopting sustainable tourism practices to protect marine ecosystems.

Oceanic islands constitute 0.05% of emerged land masses but account for 2% of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Physical constraints have determined that the history of these remote territories is marked by globally unique forms of colonization and human cultures. A significant part of this heritage, located in coastal areas, is threatened by the mean sea level rise (SLR) due to anthropogenic climate change. This paper presents a regional approach to the risk estimation of SLR in the cultural heritage of oceanic islands, taking the Canarias (Spain) as an example. The Canarias is one of the most prominent oceanic archipelagos in the world (similar to 1500 km of coastline), where cultural heritage, preferentially located in the coastal areas (up to 50% in the first 1 km), nicely represents the two major stages of human occupation of islands (aboriginal and European). Through process-based modeling, high resolution flood maps were obtained for 20 climate scenarios and complete coverage of the archipelago. These maps were combined with detailed planimetries of 343 officially designated cultural heritage sites, applying damage functions to relate flood depth with the type of construction and the historical period. The results indicate potential damage to 55 cultural heritage sites of the Canarias which could be significant in 15 of them. For these cases, it is recommended to study specific adaptation measures aimed at mitigating the flood risk, such as moving the heritage assets away from the hazard areas or reinforcing and protecting the structures to reduce their vulnerability.

Maspalomas is one of the most important archaeological sites in Gran Canaria, Canarias. The necropolis is one of the few funerary sites on the island where several the skeletons were found in anatomical position. The burials correspond to graves and cists dated between the 12 th and 15 th century CE. These graves and cists are clustered together in different formations across the necropolis, giving rise to a complex composition that denotes the existence of possible inter - personal relationships of the people buried there. A total of 135 calcanei and 118 tali were analysed to find non-metric traits and to test whether the clustered burials share a non-metric trait relationship. Trait combinations were formed using talus and calcaneus non-metric traits separately. The results of this study suggest that the individuals of Maspalomas showed a very high prevalence of lateral and medial talar facets, attributed to prolonged squatting position and/or walking on uneven ground. The calcaneal facet pattern (that may be aetiologically genetic) is more closely related to that observed among North-Africans or Indians than to Western Europeans. Calcaneal facet type Ib, and other genetically-determined traits, such as the extra facet extension of Posterior Facet, or the medial root of the inferior extensor retinaculum trait, either as single traits or as the combination of both traits, were significantly associated with individuals buried in different geographical areas of the necropolis defined by differences in burial structures, a finding that may suggest that genetically-linked indi - viduals were buried in a separate area of the necropolis. The use of trait combination analysis in this study shows that the method can be applied to identify relationships among genetically or professionally related individuals that were subjected to a different burial procedure by their contemporaries.

This article presents the complex working framework of the CIMPI Network (Inter-University Cooperation Network on Participatory Methodologies in Equality Policies), characterised by its educational, research and intervention objectives to address the challenges of gender equality in public universities in the Canarias and North-West African countries. This network is being launched in 2018, based on the development of participatory methodologies in different contexts. This scenario requires harmonising the research and intervention logics in use and those of the network itself, generated by cultural diversity, socio-territorial inequality and the different approaches to university governance that involve specific challenges that confront theory and praxis. The goal is eminently practical: to contribute to revealing the strengths of cooperative academic work, with criteria adjusted to the realities and needs of each context. Our analysis is based on two research-action processes: Canarias-Africa Interuniversity Cooperation Networks: research, innovation and evaluation from collaborative methodologies in equality policies (CIMPI, ProID2017010133, 2018-2021) and Challenges from innovation and transfer in equality policies: University-Society Networks between the Canarias and Africa (INTRAPI, ProID2021010150, 2021-2023), both funded by the Government of the Canarias 2 . This article will present the components of the Network, the methodology and the various research and educational intervention activities carried out. We highlight its original purpose, as well as the methodology based on the Human Rights approach with a gender perspective, which has entailed challenges and achievements that bring an innovative character to the experience. Firstly, because different characteristics, resources and forms of action converge; secondly, because they have an impact on a remarkable variety of rhythms, processes and results of the equality policies generated, on which we offer reflections in these lines.

Las crónicas de conquista son textos que nos ayudan a conocer los hechos ocurridos durante el periodo expansionista de la Corona española; sin embargo, estas no son del todo objetivas y responden también a criterios políticos y literarios. Desde esta óptica, estudiar a los protagonistas de dichas crónicas permite dar luz sobre cómo se construyeron la historia y la narrativa de las empresas bélicas de conquista y qué papel tuvieron las crónicas en la construcción del imaginario alrededor de las figuras principales de líderes conquistadores e indígenas y en qué puntos coinciden las caracterizaciones de estos en las crónicas canarias y las novohispanas; pues, a pesar de haber ocurrido en territorios diferentes, forman parte de un mismo continuum histórico y guardan muchas similitudes en la forma de narrar lo sucedido.

Canarias acoge de manera temporal cada año a miles de personas africanas en los centros de emergencia habilitados. Una de las necesidades específicas de estos migrantes es el aprendizaje del español como una herramienta de interacción e inclusión social real y a corto plazo en la comunidad de acogida. No obstante, el panorama actual de la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera en este tipo de centros carece de un programa que incluya recursos y materiales didácticos adaptados a esta necesidad. Para ello, se han de investigar cuáles son los perfiles de estos alumnos y alumnas, las dificultades lingüísticas, sociales y culturales añadidas, el contexto de enseñanza-aprendizaje, la motivación de los aprendientes y, en consecuencia, el método de enseñanza que mejor se adapte a esta realidad. De esta manera, se presenta una propuesta metodológica y didáctica de la enseñanza del español urgente con unos fines humanitario y enfocada a unos ámbitos concretos como son el laboral, el sanitario y el jurídico. Las situaciones de aprendizaje están diseñadas principalmente bajo el enfoque comunicativo y por tareas, orientado a la acción, e intercultural, con una perspectiva interseccional, en las que se incluye el teatro como recurso didáctico innovador en esta aula de ELE atípica. Por lo que el objetivo principal consiste en que el colectivo de personas migrantes en situación de riesgo y/o de exclusión social que reside temporalmente en los centros de acogida inmediata adquiera de forma eficaz las destrezas orales y las habilidades sociales para una comunicación satisfactoria que permita su inclusión social. Al finalizar la investigación de este trabajo, se ha proporcionado una nueva perspectiva y herramientas didácticas para este aula. Asimismo, han sido claras las reflexiones sobre la importancia de las administraciones públicas y de docentes cualificados para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos para esta propuesta metodológica y didáctica. The Canarias temporarily host thousands of African people each year in the emergency centers established for this purpose. One specific need of these migrants is the learning of Spanish as a tool for real and short-term social interaction and inclusion within the host community. However, the current landscape of teaching Spanish as a foreign language in such centers lacks a program that includes resources and didactic materials adapted to this need. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the profiles of these students, the additional linguistic, social, and cultural difficulties, the teaching-learning context, the learners' motivation, and, consequently, the teaching method that best fits this reality. In this way, a methodological and didactic proposal for urgent Spanish teaching is presented with humanitarian aims, focusing on specific areas such as labour, health, and legal fields. The learning situations are designed mainly under a communicative and task-based approach, oriented towards action and intercultural perspectives, with an intersectional viewpoint, including theatre as an innovative didactic resource in this atypical ELE classroom. Therefore, the main objective is for the group of migrants at risk and/or social exclusion, who temporarily reside in the immediate reception centers, to effectively acquire oral skills and social abilities for satisfactory communication that allows their social inclusion. Upon concluding the research for this work, a new perspective and didactic tools for this classroom have been provided. Additionally, the reflections on the importance of public administrations and qualified teachers in achieving the proposed objectives for this methodological and didactic proposal have been clear.

La pintura de los cuadros de ánimas ha sido menos estudiada en Gran Canaria en comparación con otras islas como Tenerife o Fuerteventura. Hemos seleccionado tres obras para mostrar la importancia de las mismas: el de Telde y su representación del infierno como un enorme monstruo de ojos amarillos y dientes afilados; el de Teror por la sencillez de su simbología, siendo fácil interpretar su potente mensaje, y el de Santa Brígida con los santos de las distintas órdenes religiosas. Cada uno con sus peculiaridades muestran la variedad y calidad presentes en Gran Canaria.

Esta tesis doctoral está centrada en los antecedentes que dieron lugar a la creación y consolidación del Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno (CAAM) y en sus aportaciones a la cultura en Canarias. A lo largo de este trabajo se tratan cuestiones desde una perspectiva histórica analizando la situación de Canarias como espacio vinculado con la expansión europea y como nexo de unión entre Europa, África y América, circunstancia que ha influido en la formación de la identidad canaria y en la construcción del concepto de tricontinentalidad. La singularidad del archipiélago ha condicionado también, que desde el punto de vista artístico se hayan desarrollado propuestas relacionadas con este discurso.

Human-induced pressures have led to substantial changes in marine ecosystems worldwide, with the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) emerging as a significant threat to ecological, economic, and social aspects. The Macaronesian islands, comprising the Azores, Madeira, Canarias, and Cabo Verde archipelagos, are regions where the regional economy is dependent on marine resources (e.g., marine traffic, ecotourism and fisheries). Despite their importance, concerted efforts to manage marine biological invasions in Macaronesia have been scarce. In this context, the current study aims to contribute to the much-needed debate on biosecurity measures in this unique insular ecosystem to prevent and mitigate the impact of NIS. By adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, this work validated and analyzed 260 documents providing insights into the management of NIS in Macaronesia until 2022. These documents revealed the presence of 29 Invasive Alien Species (IAS), most of which are misconceptions regarding this terminology. Most studies focused on the stages of early detection, rapid response, and eradication across the archipelagos. Cabo Verde had comparatively fewer studies. The most common techniques include monitoring/ sampling, literature reviews, and taxonomic reviews. NIS introduction pathways were mainly attributed to transport (stowaway) and unaided migration, with ship fouling, ballast water, rafting, ocean currents, and tropicalization being also identified as significant contributors. This systematic review highlights the current efforts to establish robust biosecurity protocols in Macaronesia and emphasizes the urgent need to safeguard the region's ecological, economic, and social well-being.

The Canarias are one of the main destinations for mass tourism in the European context, characterized by the absence of seasonality in tourist activity. Moreover, the level of activity increases during the winters, coinciding with a greater probability of extreme rainfall events, whose danger seems to be increasing as a result of climate change. Owing to its pronounced orography, the southern coast of the island of Gran Canaria houses several tourist settlements built along ravines and steeply sloping terrain. This scenario presents considerable risk because of spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The case of San Agustin, especially, serves to test the model of tourist urbanization along the hillside, demonstrating its high fragility in the face of extreme rainfall events. Especially owing to its importance in providing assistance in emergency situations, its vulnerability has been analyzed with regard to accessibility, which is entirely dependent on road mobility. The growth model of San Agustin serves as an example of mass tourism in small islands, allowing urban planners and designers to assess corrective measures based on managing its existing road infrastructure and open spaces right from the planning stage.

El conocimiento de la pintura flamenca se enriquece extraordinariamente con los trabajos del profesor Matías Díaz Padrón. Este escrito realiza un breve recorrido por sus aportaciones fundamentales y traza unas notas sobre su metodología como investigador. Finaliza con una bibliografía clasificada por los principales ámbitos de estudio que abarcó.

This study evaluates whether college students change their beliefs about the social, economic, and environmental effects of tourism activities after receiving educational training. In particular, our goal is to examine if economic instruction affects their views about the impacts of cruise tourism development. We conduct an experiment with students majoring in tourism enrolled in a compulsory course on tourism and transport at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain). We administer a survey before and after the course in three academic years that involve the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. We find that students become more concerned about the negative impacts of cruise tourism, with significant shifts in their agreement with the environmental externalities and price surges associated with cruise tourism. Furthermore, they become more supportive of the setting of a tourism tax per passenger, but agree less with the idea that governments should economically incentivise the arrival of more ships.

Numerous genetic studies have contributed to reconstructing the human history of the Canarias population. The recent use of new ancient DNA targeted enrichment and next-generation sequencing techniques on new Canarias samples have greatly improved these molecular results. However, the bulk of the available data is still provided by the classic mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies carried out on the indigenous, historical, and extant human populations of the Canarias. In the present study, making use of all the accumulated mitochondrial information, the existence of DNA contamination and archaeological sample misidentification in those samples is evidenced. Following a thorough review of these cases, the new phylogeographic analysis revealed the existence of a heterogeneous indigenous Canarian population, asymmetrically distributed across the various islands, which most likely descended from a unique mainland settlement. These new results and new proposed coalescent ages are compatible with a Roman-mediated arrival driven by the exploitation of the purple dye manufacture in the Canarias.

Skeletal remains of two prehispanic male adult individuals (antiquity approximate to 550 BP) recovered from a burial cave located in Montaria Blanca (Las Cariadas del Teide) at an altitude of 2450 m above sea level, in the highlands of Tenerife (Canarias) showed some unusual features. Femora and tibiae of both individuals showed increased bone density, with irregular thickening of the midshaft diaphyses. One individual showed a cystic lesion in the distal third of the left femoral diaphysis, surrounded by a subtle sclerotic reaction of the spongiosa and a thin cortex that was partially fractured. Periosteal thickening was present, but not around the cystic lesion. A thoracic vertebra with rachischisis was also recovered. The bone density of vertebrae and iliac bones were normal, and one recovered jaw was also normal. The tibiae of one individual showed an abnormal location of the foramen nutritium. Hypoplasia of the lesser trochanter and an abnormally thin left femoral neck were also observed. It is possible that both individuals were affected by diaphyseal dysplasia (possibly Camurati Engelmann or Ribbing disease). One of them also showed a lesion compatible with a unicameral bone cyst. The alternative possibility of a Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber disease, with a bone aneurysmal cyst, also exists.

Felis catus is considered a domestic species, but the individuals belonging to this taxonomic category navigate along the domestic-wild-feral spectrum. This ethnography draws attention to the plethora of adjectives used by three social groups, namely biologists, hunters, and animal-rights campaigners, to examine the ways in which these terms serve to frame cats concerning different moral ecologies in Tenerife (Canarias, Spain). The use of these adjectives is always morally charged and pursues specific political agendas regarding how cats should be framed, whether as companion domestic animals to care for or devastating feral predators to kill based on their negative impact in the environment. By teasing out the rationales behind these adjectives, this ethnography reveals how the variables of space and time are key to bringing cats in or pushing them out the human sphere through synchronic or diachronic moral ecologies.

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We analyse the main keys of the traditional agroecosystem of the palm grove (Phoenix canariensis) in irrigated terraces in Valle de Arriba in the municipality of Valle Gran Rey (La Gomera, Canarias, Spain). Here, irrigation water is not only associated with the land but is also being managed as a communal resource by the inhabitants. The change in the economic model from agriculture to tourism is putting the survival of this traditional agrarian system at risk (agricultural exit, population ageing and economic touristification). The need for preservation is then suggested, but the question that leads us to a re-edition of the so-called "Tragedy of the Commons" arises again: What actors should carry out this preservation? Private agents or the State, as suggested by Hardin, or the rural community, as maintained by Ostrom? We conclude that for the case studied of La Gomera, the rural community has kept managing the communal water resource but at the expense of the secular class struggles won by the farming community against the privatisation of water by private agents and/or the State.

This book contains the original transcription of a 1834 text about the memory of the judicial process developed from the incidents that occurred during the celebration of a wrestling event in Tenerife. The content of the memory provides information about the forms of organization of the event, the level and mode of standardization of wrestling, terminology or clothing. The text is preceded by a socio -historical introduction about the development of wrestling, embedded within processes of sportisation linked to the generation of a Canarian identity that is distinctive from that of peninsular Spain.

Background Diet and physical activity (PA) in childhood are heavily influenced by the living environment. While diet quality follows a socioeconomic pattern, limited evidence is available in relation to PA in children. We assessed the effect of socioeconomic status at the individual (SES) and neighbourhood (NSES) levels on diet and PA among children from the general population of the Canarias, Spain.Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 6-14 years from the Canary Health Service in 2018 were included (n=89 953). Diet and PA surveys from the electronic health records of the well-child visit programme were used. A healthy habits (HH) score was defined to assess the level of adherence to the dietary and leisure time PA guidelines. We modelled the association between the HH score, SES and NSES using a stepwise multilevel linear regression analysis, differentiating between specific and general contextual observational effects.Results A strong positive association between SES and the HH score was found, as children living in more affluent families were more likely to follow a healthy diet and being physically active. Differences in the HH score between geographical areas were of minor relevance (variance partition coefficient=1.8%) and the general contextual effects were not substantially mediated by NSES (proportional change in variance=3.5%). However, the HH score was significantly lower in children from areas with a higher percentage of annual incomes below the euro18 000 threshold.Conclusion HH followed a socioeconomic gradient at the individual and the neighbourhood level. In the study population, the geographical component of the inequalities found were low.

Traditional sports games (TSGs), deeply rooted in local culture, serve as valuable resources for educating in sustainable development, aligning with guidelines set forth by international resolutions such as the Agenda 2030. This study investigated how ethnomotor variables in the educational use of TSGs with objects influenced emotional well-being and the acquisition of significant and contextualised physical and social sustainability learning involving various educational agents. The study adopted a qualitative and inductive approach centred on an ethnomotor intervention to promote sustainable learning within and beyond the educational setting. A total of 226 primary school students aged between 11 and 12 from seven primary education centres in the Canarias, Spain participated. Seven intervention sessions were conducted, including out-of-school activities involving family members and in-school activities with the collaboration of teaching staff and a specialised researcher. Various data collection instruments were employed (field notes, questionnaires, and interviews). A content analysis of qualitative data was conducted and subsequently transformed into quantitative data. For statistical analyses of these data, multidimensional frequency areas, crosstab (Pearson's chi-square), associated effect size (Cramer's V), and decision trees were utilised. This research discusses the relevance of TSGs as tools for promoting physically and socially sustainable learning. Furthermore, the role of various educational agents, including family members, teachers, and teacher-researchers, in developing these experiences is highlighted. The findings also highlight emotional well-being (psychosocial and socio-emotional affectivity) as a key aspect in the process of meaningful and contextualised sustainable learning.

The abandonment of agricultural landscapes has led to the obsolescence of numerous heritage buildings and their associated landscapes. This is the case of the traditional windmills, which today stand as silent witnesses to an agricultural activity developed in past times and which, for the most part, are out of context with respect to the natural landscape that saw them born. Betting on architectural heritage and the diversity of its landscapes would be an effective contribution to the economic development of the territory and its localities.

The Indigenous of the Canarias have been repeatedly excluded from decolonial genealogies. The survival of certain structures of European domination on the Islands can explain the failure of any epistemic engagement. However, it has been the recurrent absence of these populations in the African and Latin American Indigenist traditions, marked by the ambiguity of their hauntological condition, which defines the role that the Guanches have played as a spectral border of Decolonial Thought. In this essay I talk about the importance of decolonizing the image of the Ancient Canaries as repeating ghosts to demonstrate the way in which racial, gender, class, and knowledge biases in which coloniality has been historically sustained are still repeated.

The human colonization of the Canarias represents the sole known expansion of Berber communities into the Atlantic Ocean and is an example of marine dispersal carried out by an African population. While this island colonization shows similarities to the populating of other islands across the world, several questions still need to be answered before this case can be included in wider debates regarding patterns of initial colonization and human settlement, human-environment interactions, and the emergence of island identities. Specifically, the chronology of the first human settlement of the Canarias remains disputed due to differing estimates of the timing of its first colonization. This absence of a consensus has resulted in divergent hypotheses regarding the motivations that led early settlers to migrate to the islands, e.g., ecological or demographic. Distinct motivations would imply differences in the strategies and dynamics of colonization; thus, identifying them is crucial to understanding how these populations developed in such environments. In response, the current study assembles a comprehensive dataset of the most reliable radiocarbon dates, which were used for building Bayesian models of colonization. The findings suggest that i) the Romans most likely discovered the islands around the 1st century BCE; ii) Berber groups from western North Africa first set foot on one of the islands closest to the African mainland sometime between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE; iii) Roman and Berber societies did not live simultaneously in the Canarias; and iv) the Berber people rapidly spread throughout the archipelago.

Since the 1990s, an international consensus has been emerging with respect to the methods used to identify and assess geosites. These conventional methodologies generally differentiate between the intrinsic or scientific-natural dimension and the social dimension in the potential value of the geological elements. The aim of this article is to analyse the possible existence of other concepts that may underlie these criteria and that could be operating as evaluation parameters even though they are not explicitly and formally described as such in the published studies. An exhaustive analysis of articles on geosite inventories published in Science Citation Index journals in the last 15 years revealed a systematic reference to conceptions of magnitude (in the sense of degree of development and physical prominence) in geosite descriptions around the world, and in particular with respect to sites of geomorphological interest. To contrast this indication, we subjected the geosites inventory of Lanzarote (Canarias, Spain) to a Magnitude Rule hypothesis. This inventory is part of the Spanish Geosites Inventory (IELIG, for its initials in Spanish), which was carried out using conventional assessment procedures. Applying this rule, according to which each geosite is the most prominent example of its typology within the reference geological domain, we obtained an almost complete match. That is, geomorphological sites that were selected, a priori, according to intrinsic and social dimension were also (or one could even say ‘actually’) selected, implicitly, on the predominant basis of magnitude. This paper discusses why and how the magnitude parameter may be playing a key role as a subliminal non-explicit driver in the evaluation of geosite relevance, and how this finding may open new perspectives and bring methodological advantages in the inventory of geological heritage. © The Author(s) 2023.

This article aims to synthesise a larger ethnographic work on the circumstances surrounding the experiences of people with specific accessibility requirements when they indulge in tourism, carried out during 2015 and 2016 on the Alicante coast - Santa Pola, Elche, Benidorm - and the south of Tenerife - Los Cristianos, Arona -. The effects produced by the physical and attitudinal barriers that they have to face are analysed. The objectives outlined in this paper are: to know the factors that act as invisible barriers preventing people with special needs from fully enjoying leisure and tourism; to know why businessmen in the sector show such little interest in attracting clients with special needs; explore whether the image and symbology of special needs has an impact on the tourist experience of people in this category and to clarify whether accessible tourism constitutes a niche or a new market segment. In this regard, we provide passages from the ethnography on which the study is based, through in -depth interviews and participant observation. Likewise, the progressive application of new technologies to the travel chain accessibility is helping to set up, with greater security and dynamism, a tourism that has set a course towards diversity.

Despite the isolation of remote natural regions, it has been discovered that they are experiencing the accumulation of anthropogenic microparticles (i.e., microplastics or natural or semisynthetic cellulosic particles). Teide National Park (Canarias, Spain) is a high-mountain protected area known for its rich biodiversity. This study aims to assess the occurrence of coloured anthropogenic particles in the faecal matter of wild mammals, specifically rabbits and mouflons, residing in the park. With this purpose, faeces were collected from 68 systematically distributed sampling points. A stereomicroscopy-guided grinding process allowed a chemical-free and quick visual inspection of 616 individual excreta, revealing that 96% were particle-free. However, 37 anthropogenic particles were found, which correspond to 0.79 +/- 0.20 items per gram of dry faecal matter. The archetypical particle was a cellulosic blue microfibre of 2721 +/- 407 mu m, though poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and polypropylene were also identified via micro Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Atmospheric deposition and touristic pressure may be the sources of the anthropogenic particles, as they were randomly found in 36% of the sampling points. These findings represent the first evidence of anthropogenic particle ingestion by wild rabbits and mouflons, signifying the introduction of microplastics into terrestrial food chains in a remote high-mountain environment.

Transhumance is a territorial management model based on an adaptive learning process demonstrated in the ecological knowledge accumulated by transhumant shepherds over generations, shaping landscapes of high heritage value. The aim of our study is to provide an overview of the current state of transhumance in Gran Canaria, also drawing on its historical evolution. This research employs a methodology that combines historical and geographical analysis, including in-depth interviews with the last 23 transhumant shepherds on the island, and the representation of territorial outcomes using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Through this work, for the first time in the scientific field, specific data contributions regarding the current reality of this activity in Gran Canaria are made. It is concluded that transhumance is at great risk of disappearing on the island, although the practice of transhumant herding generates numerous ecological, economic, and social advantages

El herreño Aquilino Padrón ingresó con 14 años en el Seminario Conciliar de la Purísima Con-cepción de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Su expediente académico lo muestra como un alumno aventajado. Siendo seminarista remitió a sus padres una carta contando las vicisitudes que sufrió en Gran Canaria con motivo del cólera morbo del verano de 1851. Dicha misiva le acredita como un testigo excepcional de la tragedia que diezmó la isla. Los datos que aporta, personalidades que cita, estilo depurado de la redacción y la emotividad que manifiesta hacen de esta carta un documento de gran valor histórico y literario. Com-patibilizó su misión pastoral con la investigación arqueológica, en donde alcanzó notoriedad en los medios científicos nacionales e internacionales. Murió en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria el 7 de septiembre de 1896. Este trabajo resalta la vida y obra del polímata sacerdote que ha dejado una huella imborrable en el campo de la arqueología y antropología.

The Canarias are a Spanish archipelago of volcanic origin in the Atlantic Ocean near the Saharan coast. The extensive intricacy and multitude of variables inherent in the Canarias winemaking tradition have posed a substantial challenge, preventing comprehensive research on the main factors contributing to the character of local wine, thus, far. This challenge arises from a convergence of factors including the presence of 14 different grape varieties, and radically different climatic, soil and geographic conditions. This investigation sought to start unraveling this complexity by discerning the impacts of various geographical (specifically, island-related) and management factors (namely, organic vs. conventional practices) on soils and wines within the Canarias. Additional variables, such as wine type (red and white) and island of origin, were explored and correlated with the chosen management system. Pairs of organic and conventional wine and soil samples, possessing similar characteristics, were systematically collected from each of the seven wine-producing islands in the Canary archipelago. An examination of elemental composition, oenological attributes and fertility parameters was conducted, followed by comprehensive statistical analysis. Among the variables examined, only the island of origin emerged as statistically significant within the sample. Concerning soil fertility, organic samples exhibited elevated levels of organic matter compared to their conventional counterparts. No notable disparities were observed between the two production methods in terms of soil metal composition and other fertility parameters. However, it is noteworthy that four soil samples surpassed the legally permissible limits for Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg), with three of these instances originating from Lanzarote. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

In the case of the Canarias (Spain), human occupation on beaches has generated environmental and landscape transformations and a loss of their geoheritage values. In this sense, this archipelago could be a good example to demonstrate the paradigm at the regional scale at first and island scale at second, that the colour and composition of the beaches are determinant for urban-tourist development. The beaches with the colour and composition that managers and promoters prefer most are those that have withstood the greatest anthropogenic pressure, and may lead to socio-environmental conflicts. For this, the aim of this work is to characterize and identify beach typologies according to their sedimentological characteristics, the degree of urban-tourist occupation, and the environmental changes and artificialisation that have taken place over the last sixty years in the beaches of La Palma, Tenerife and Fuerteventura. For this purpose, the General Catalogue of Beaches and Maritime Bathing Areas (the latter were excluded from the study) issued by the Canarias Government was used. This source was spatially and statistically analysed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and related to socio-environmental variables extracted from geo-referenced sources. Orthophotos from 1957 and more recent years were also used for the historical characterization. Finally, this information was contrasted with social preferences, obtained from online surveys, about the physical configuration of Canarian beaches. Results show that the quantity and distribution of beach types (grain size and beach colour) differ for each island, and that beach use depends on its typology, with sandy beaches being the most used as an urban-tourist resource and pebble-cobble beaches the most transformed to respond to sand beach user demand. These and other factors that have affected the evolution of these beaches and the degree of conservation of their natural functions and geoheritage values are discussed. The responses to the survey show significant patterns related to user profile and preferences regarding the beach environment and recreational services. The importance of social preferences and beach transformation is discussed to understand the evolution of beach management in the Canarias and the identified conflicts. © 2024 The Authors

Virtual tours with 360 photos present a quick, easy and accessible way to create immersive experiences. The visualization on diverse devices provides a user experience that can be different. A virtual tour with 360 photos of the Chapel of Dolores (Tenerife) has been created. Access is limited to specific days, so the creation of a virtual tour allows you to visit it at any time; in addition, a pilot test has been carried out with students of the degree of restoration and conservation of cultural heritage in order to measure the user experience of the virtual tour, depending on the device used. The participants took a virtual tour of the Dolores Chapel, first with a cell phone and then with the virtual reality headset, and then completed a user experience questionnaire. The results obtained comparing both visualization technologies are detailed, highlighting the fact that when using the virtual reality headset no better results are obtained on the immersion subscale; in addition, the visualization on a smartphone is more comfortable and obtains better results for consequences such as dizziness and vertigo. Therefore, it may be an interesting strategy to have simple versions that work quickly on cell phones.

The primary objective of this paper is to study how botanical gardens are experienced. Firstly, the study attempts to demonstrate how the senses shape visitor satisfaction and loyalty to the garden. Secondly, to gain new insights into the visitor experience, the study highlights the importance of information, emotions, social interactions, and behavioural responses. The survey was carried out through a structured questionnaire. The sample for this study included 373 respondents, contacted through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in Botanical Garden Viera y Clavijo, in Gran Canaria. After checking the scale's validity with confirmatory factor analysis and the Alpha Cronbach test, the study performed a path analysis to test eleven hypotheses on the effect of sensory responses, emotions, information, social interaction and behavioural responses on visitor satisfaction and visitor loyalty as well as the direct relationship between visitor satisfaction and loyalty. The findings provide convincing evidence that satisfaction and loyalty show fundamentally different precursors. While the former relates to behavioural responses, social interactions and low-involvement senses such as hearing, the latter is formed by highinvolvement senses such as smell and touch. However, both variables show the same emotional background, and neither is rooted in the information provided about the garden. Therefore, given the practical implications, the study suggests that botanical garden managers enrich peripheral routes of persuasion by emphasising emotional interventions over cognitive strategies. Management implications:

Vicki Penfold (Cracovia 1918 - Tenerife 2013) fue una artista de origen polaco que llegó a Canarias en los años sesenta del siglo pasado tras un largo peregrinaje por lugares tan dispares como Kenia, París e Israel, entre otros. También viajó a Austria para ser alumna de Oskar Kokoschka en su estudio de Salzburgo. Su archivo personal, recientemente donado al Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos de Canarias (en adelante IEHC) en la isla de Tenerife, conserva una amplia variedad de material que actualmente está siendo inventariado y catalogado. Esta colección presenta un enorme potencial de estudio y análisis transversal para acercarse a la metodología del artista y la materialidad de su obra. Este artículo ofrece un primer análisis de las diferentes matrices, relacionándolas con las piezas actualmente conservadas y estableciendo relaciones con la documentación contenida en su archivo personal. También se busca resaltar la figura de Vicki Penfold como artista gráfica, quizás su faceta más incomprendida, pero en la que destaca su enorme sensibilidad y versatilidad a la hora de trabajar con una amplia variedad de técnicas.

The Dance of the Dwarves was transformed into its current version in 1905, when the twopart format was created and the so-called transformation began to take place inside a booth out of public view. That year, the costumes were chosen, as well as the performance with old men, which was carried out with choirs and lyrics by Domingo Carmona Pérez, and the music composed by Elías Santos Abreu. The artistic direction was in charge of Miguel Salazar Pestana. La Danza de Enanos adquiere su conformación actual en 1905, cuando se crea el formato bipartito y la transformación dentro de una caseta y fuera de la vista del público. En ese año se eligió la vestimenta y representación de Viejos con coros y letras de Domingo Carmona Pérez y música compuesta por Elías Santos Abreu. La dirección artística estuvo a cargo de Miguel Salazar Pestana

Las vidas de estas ocho mujeres del Valle de Las Mercedes son un compendio de historia del siglo XX y parte del siglo XXI en Canarias. Es una inmersión en la memoria colectiva de las personas invisibilizadas, pues constituyen ocho relatos llenos de fortaleza y tesón, transmitidos por mujeres valientes que rompieron, en ocasiones, los cánones de su época. Forman parte de la ignorada vida de aquellas mujeres rurales que, con su esfuerzo, silencio y trabajo personal, constituyeron la base de la economía y sociedad contemporáneas.

This paper addresses the first case of perimortem trauma caused by a sharp metal weapon in a pre-Hispanic cranium in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) dated before the first contacts with Europeans in the late Middle Ages. The fact that metalliferous minerals did not exist in the archipelago confers extraordinary significance to this injury, as evidence of an event involving the arrival of new population after the initial colonization of the Island around the 2nd century CE. The chronocultural context of the violent event is analized in order to evaluate the possible role of this contact in the processes of change among ancient canarians. To this end statistical chronological modelling is assessed to specify timing behind major archaeological expressions of shifts detected on the island. The results question the traditionally proposed isolation for the indigenous population, and reinforce the most recent proposals suggesting migration of new North African people to Gran Canaria and their contribution to the socioeconomical dynamics of the pre-Hispanic society.

On 19 September 2021, a new monogenetic volcano (Tajogaite) erupted on the Island of La Palma (Canarias, Spain). After 85 days of Strombolian style eruption, with emissions of volcanic material, a pyroclastic cone 200 m high and 800 m in its basal diameter was formed. Successive lava flows descended the western slopes and reached the Atlantic Ocean on 29 September. On descending the coastal cliffs and entering the sea, the lava flows formed two lava deltas on the submarine island shelf, backed by fossilized coastal cliffs. This geological event has raised a new challenge: the environmental conservation of new volcanic landscapes in island territories with high anthropogenic pressure on land uses. This work uses comparative and numerical methods in geoheritage to support their conservation from a scientific basis. In a first phase, a cartographic inventory was made of all the volcanic formations similar to the new volcano in the geological framework of the Canarias. In a second phase, their representativeness (A), rarity (R), diversity (D), integrity (I), and observability (O) were quantitatively measured by means of dimensional estimators. The results obtained show that the new volcano presents a geological value of the first order in the context of the Canarias, which is one of the most prominent oceanic archipelago worldwide. Its value is based above all on its high conservation state with respect to the similar volcanoes in the Canarias. The high mismatch found between the intrinsic geological value and the environmental protection of this area, justifies the development and application of urgent basic guidelines for its protection, as well as the promotion of geotourism as opposed to alternative land uses.

Digital nomadism is a rapidly growing lifestyle for living and working. Despite its potential transformative effect on destinations, little attention has been paid to destination communities in which digital nomads reside. This paper aims to examine the interface between the destination communities and digital nomadism: how the stakeholders in a destination community perceive and accommodate digital nomads. The case study comes from a popular European destination, the island of Gran Canaria, Spain. The study proposes an original supply side framework to theoretically inform the phenomenon of digital nomadism. Stakeholder theory is also applied to examine the interface between the local communities and the phenomenon. Applying the proposed conceptual framework, the results reveal a novel perspective on digital nomads, which is "new locals". The results show that the accommodative strategies of local stakeholders correlate strongly with the stakeholder's specializations, and include strategies such as: provider, communicator, integrator, and embracer.

La efemérides del 140 aniversario del nacimiento de Buenaventura Bonnet Reverón nos brinda el pretexto ideal para centrar en la figura y obra de este historiador santacrucero la sección dedicada a la producción hemerográfica de autores sobre el pasado insular, siendo conscientes de que nos encontramos ante uno de los investigadores que en las islas Canarias ejemplificó como muy pocos la utilización de la prensa diaria y semanal como espacio de divulgación, de debate y de conocimiento.

The Canary Islands were settled ca. 1,800 years ago by Amazigh/Berber farming populations originating in North Africa. This historical event represents the last and westernmost expansion of the Mediterranean farming package in Antiquity, and investigating it yields information about crop dispersal along the periphery of the Mediterranean world around the turn of the first millennium ce. The current study focuses on archaeobotanical evidence recorded in a series of pre-Hispanic/Amazigh sites of the Canary Islands (ca. 2nd–15th centuries ce). It offers new, unpublished archaeobotanical findings and direct radiocarbon datings of plant remains from the different islands. The general goal is to gain a better grasp of how the first settlers of the Canary Islands adapted their farming activities to the different natural conditions of each island. The results suggest a shared crop ‘package’ throughout the islands since at least the 3rd–5th centuries ce. This set of plants was likely introduced from north-western Africa and consists of Hordeum vulgare (hulled barley), Triticum durum (durum wheat), Lens culinaris (lentil), Vicia faba (broad bean), Pisum sativum (pea), and Ficus carica (fig). The crop ‘package’ probably arrived in a single episode during the initial colonisation and was not followed by any other plants. Subsequent to the initial settling and until the arrival of the European seafarers, the islands remained isolated from each other and from the outside world, a condition that over time led to a decline in crop diversity in all of the islands except Gran Canaria.

El rosario de los recuerdos desgrana las cuentas de la memoria fértil de la amistad que por espacio de algo más de cuatro décadas nos ha unido con Agustín Francisco de las Casas, admirado paisano, amigo y pariente

Vacation home is a thriving form of accommodation in Spain that arouses great interest among academics from various disciplines. Most of the studies have focused on regulatory aspects, the type of business and the impact generated on tourism activity, the economy, urban spaces, the population and the environment. Few works have addressed the citizen perception of this type of accommodation, having focused on micro analyses. This paper analyzes the perception of the residents of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria based on a self-made survey that has been analyzed at a municipal and intra-urban scale. Specifically, it is proposed in this article to know the perception of residents about the impact that this type of accommodation has on the economy, housing, heritage, culture and neighborhood identity of the municipality and analyze the underlying reasons. The results allow us to recognize that, firstly, the opinion of the residents is not negative in general terms and, secondly, that this perception shares the economic rationality with which tourist activity in general is judged and is conditioned by the contact directly with the activity and for personal interests.

Las crisis acontecidas en las últimas décadas, junto a la situación de alta vulnerabilidad del turismo frente al cambio climático, enlazan con la propuesta de cambio realizada por la Organización Mundial del Turismo hacia un modelo turístico sostenible, que respete a las personas y al medio ambiente. Ante este escenario, en Gran Canaria, destino turístico maduro “de sol y playa” queda mucha tarea por hacer para alcanzar la sostenibilidad turística. En la comarca norte de dicha isla, las instituciones locales se plantean la dinamización del turismo rural como eje vertebrador de la economía junto a las actividades del sector primario que siguen activas. En dicha comarca, se concentra una parte muy importante del patrimonio natural y cultural de la isla. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el grado de atracción del patrimonio como recurso turístico. A través de encuestas realizadas a agentes locales vinculados con el turismo y el patrimonio, de su análisis estadístico y su relación con la información recabada (Patronato de Turismo GC) se ha comprobado que las tres principales razones para realizar turismo rural en el ámbito de estudio son: disfrutar de los paisajes y la naturaleza, práctica de senderismo y conocer el patrimonio y la cultura. The crises that have occurred in recent decades, together with the highly vulnerable situation of tourism in the face of climate change, are linked to the change proposal made by the World Tourism Organization towards a sustainable tourism model that respects people and the environment. Given this scenario, in Gran Canaria, a mature "sun and sand" tourist destination, much work remains to be done to achieve tourism sustainability. In the northern region of said island, local institutions are considering the revitalization of rural tourism as the backbone of the economy together with the activities of the primary sector that are still active. In this region, a very important part of the natural and cultural heritage of the island is concentrated. The objective of this work is to know the degree of attraction of heritage as a tourist resource. Through surveys sent out to local agents linked to tourism and heritage, their statistical analysis and their relationship with the information collected (GC Tourism Board) it has been verified that the three main reasons for carrying out rural tourism in the study area They are: enjoying the landscapes and nature, hiking and getting to know the heritage and culture. 1530 1521 10

Programa de Doctorado en Acuicultura Sostenible y Ecosistemas Marinos por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria The circular economy refers to an industrial economy that is restorative by intention, designed for reducing the carbon footprint and employing a more sustainable and eco-friendly use of resources. For this purpose, sustainability and efficiency must be applied to agricultural practices by improving management and reducing waste of native crops and revalorizing it into a series of new value chains. New economic models must adapt to the requirements of sustainability brought about by climate change. The recycling of materials that still are valuable in their end-of-life phase and closing production loops are one way to use resources more efficiently and minimize the impact on the environment. This new way of thinking will promote bio-based industries for the recovery, transformation and revalue of by-products from the primary and secondary sectors. When formulating an aquafeed diet, the potentiality of each component must be evaluated not only from their productive responses but also from any synergic effects on the animal well-being, health and resistance. Moreover, possible contaminants related to plant growth or products and byproducts processing should be addressed. The current study aimed to determine the metal content of Aloe vera and banana by-products as sustainable alternatives to standard ingredients in aquaculture diets, develop diets with varying levels of inclusion of these by-products in accordance with the circular economy concept, validate diets for fish, and assess the accumulation of pollutants as well as various risk management strategies and nutritional value. Also, assess the effects of adding banana meal to the diet on the growth, biochemistry, and histomorphology of the liver and intestine in juvenile tilapia. In our study, two different plant by-products Aloe vera and banana crop by-products, as well as golden mullet (Liza aurata) and tilapia were evaluated (Oreochromis niloticus). For each of the byproducts, four isocaloric and isoproteic diets were made: one of them was a commercial diet customized to the species being studied, and the other three contained increasing amounts of the raw material: 5, 10, and 20% of banana by-products and 2, 4, and 6% of Aloe vera by-product. All diets were analyzed both for biochemical composition and content in metals. risks arising from fish metal content has been measured using various parameters as Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Maximum Safe Consumption (MSCA), Target Hazard quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) Carcinogenic risk of As (As- CR), the Value Selenium Health Benefit (Se HBV) and also the Nutritional Values has been evaluated.In both trails it was found that in the various ratios of Aloe vera and banana by-product in diets, the content of all elements was less than the upper limits permitted. According to the different riskbenefit analyses used by national and international authorities, consuming Liza aurata and Oreochromis niloticus is generally safe. Although there were detectable levels of potentially dangerous inorganic As, they were below safety guidelines, and Se-HBV values showed benefits to human health. In the third trail, the same technique by using the banana by-product with different inclusions in Nile tilapia diets but to evaluate the growth rate, proximal composition of the fish fillet and the effect on liver histology whence the level of vacuolization (steatosis), the presence of necrosis foci or pyknotic nuclei, nuclear pleomorphism, or the emergence of vascular alterations in the hepatic tissue and in the gut histology the height and width of the villi was measured. Moreover, the various fatty acids identification and quantitation was performed. The finding of this study clarified that the banana ensure that the tilapia would grow and perform adequately which the consumption of banana by-products increased the rate of growth, as measured by weight and length, both during the experimental test and after. During histological study, the feeding conditions had no adverse impacts on growth or proximal composition, and neither the liver nor the gut seemed to have any unusual effects. Moreover, the presence of banana by-product had no effect on the lipid content of tilapia liver, although there was a slight change in the foregut and hindgut folds. As a result, the banana by-product was shown to be an effective and environmentally safe way to feed Nile tilapia, which helps to reduce food loss and waste from a circular economy perspective. Our findings support the circular economy concept of employing Aloe vera and banana wastes as an alternative ingredient in fish feeding for Liza aurata and Oreochromis niloticus in order to lower the cost of the fish diets and ensure their safety for fish and humans.

The altarpiece is a heritage asset with specific formal characteristics, which justifies its registration in favour of its conservation and dissemination. Given its three-dimensional nature, this study proposes the use of the HBIM methodology to create a digital replica of the altarpiece, which constitutes an information model for professional, academic or informative use. Its application involves a set of processes, intervening agents and many options regarding tools -hardware and software- used according to the needs. We present two case studies: an altarpiece in its original location and another moved to a workshop, which poses different challenges on how to capture its physical configuration, what information to add and how to present it to the user. We propose a methodology for documenting altarpieces initiated in the Canary Islands and that could be extrapolated to the study of altarpieces from different periods and geographies.

Island archaeology is a well-established field within the wider discipline, but African contributions to it remain scarce. The Canary Islands are unusual in the broader African context for their relatively long history of occupation (~2000 years) and the intensity with which archaeological research has been, and is, undertaken there. Much of that research, however, has focused on specifically Canarian issues, including efforts to demonstrate connections between the islands’ initial settlement and the Classical Mediterranean world. Relatively little of it has been conducted within the broader comparative framework that an island archaeology perspective provides. Additionally, much of the Canarian literature is not directly accessible to non-Hispanophones. In response, I synthesize what is currently known about the archaeology of the Canary Islands, focusing on determining when, how, and by whom they were first settled; the impacts of human settlement on their environments; inter-island variability in precolonial subsistence, social, and political trajectories; and the record left by European contact and subsequent colonization, which began in the 14th century AD. As well as pointing to further opportunities for research within the archipelago, I simultaneously map out several areas where archaeological work there could contribute to wider debates in island archaeology as a whole.

El sistema autonómico español es un modelo complejo de organización territorial del Estado, que se construye a partir de la Constitución de 1978, con los Estatutos de Autonomía, leyes, doctrina y jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional. En el siglo XXI se han aprobado reformas que dieron lugar a nuevos Estatutos, que conocemos como de segunda generación.

This work looks into the effects that extreme situations have on the consumption of local products. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in consumer behavior where food and especially local produce are concerned. To explain these changes, we used the Goal-Framing Theory as an overarching framework for other approaches such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and the ABC Model, including the effect of consumer resilience to adversity. The research applied to local wine and involved a sample of 762 consumers from the Canarias. The hypotheses were tested using the PLS structural equation technique. The main results confirm that there is a change in behavior toward greater consumption of local wine due to the impact of said pandemic, mainly motivated by consumer resilience to adversity and attitude toward the local product, also influencing the personal norm.